Genetic differences between subspecies

Genetic differentiation within a species is the precursor to the species splitting into two (speciation). Most species have multiple recognized subspecies (races, breeds) which differ in presentation, behavior and habitat. Many studies have reported measures of genetic differentiation between such subspecies within various species. This articles compiles the results.

Humans

See main article on humans. Numerous studies have genotyped representative samples of humans in order to quantify the genetic differentiation. Generally, they have found results like those by The History and Geography of Human Genes (Cavalli-Sforza et al, 1994). They genotyped 6,633 humans using then current technology. Overall, they found an average Fst of 0.1338. [TODO: add more human results]

Dogs

Research by Karlsson et al (2007) genotyped 252 dogs from 21 diverse breeds as well as two wolves. They found an average Fst value roughly twice that of humans (around .30).

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Cats

Menotti-Raymond et al 2008 genotyped 1040 cats from 38 breeds, and found that "The average pairwise Fst value observed in cat breeds is 0.17, with most of the variation in cat breeds observed within a breed population (83.7%), versus 16.3% of the variation observed between populations". Thus, the value was about the same as that seen for humans.